Why testicles can be painful in men and how to cure it

The health of the organs of the male reproductive system depends on many factors. Deviations in their operation can be caused not only by internal disturbances, but also by mechanical damage. The most vulnerable testicles are the pair of male hormone-producing glands and sperm. When they are injured, the production of these substances is reduced, affecting not only sexual ability and fertility, but also general health.

Main function of testicles

The testicles, also known as the testicles or testicles, are the male sex glands. Each of them is located in the scrotum - its right and left parts. The testicles are attached to the spermatic cord, which is made up of muscles, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels. The right testicle is slightly higher than the left one.

The testicles consist of soft tissue, divided by a thin connective septum into distinctive lobules. In it are semi-coniferous tubules, where sperm are produced, and between them the production of the hormone testosterone takes place.

The continuous formation of male germ cells helps to facilitate the fertilization of the egg. The production of testosterone in the testicles is also important for men's health, as this hormone is responsible for the growth of the body and muscles, the growth of the body in general in a male pattern, andsex formation. longing.

When the testicles are damaged for any reason, their ability to produce hormones and sex cells is reduced. This can happen at any age. To avoid complications, you should see your doctor immediately if you experience testicular pain.

Why do testicles hurt?

There are many causes of testicular pain in men. They can be relatively harmless, associated with defective ejaculation after stimulation, and dangerously, result from the development of malignancies or trauma to the external genitalia.

The causes of testicle pain are as follows:

• Damage to the perineum or scrotum. If the blow or bruise isn't too intense, the pain in the testicles will be intense but will pass quickly. At the same time, even a slight mechanical impact contributes to bleeding into the scrotal cavity, as a result of which its skin turns red and thickens. Such a phenomenon should pass in a few days. With a severe trauma, the integrity of the testicle is compromised. The pain in this case is so pronounced and painful that the victim may lose consciousness. A severe injury can lead to the fact that the gonads completely lose their functions - in the future this will lead to infertility;
• Inflammatory processes occur in the testicles or their appendages. This may be epididymitis due to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms into the epididymis. In this case, the patient not only complained of pain, but also noticed a swollen testicle. In addition, the pathological process can occur due to inflammation of the glandular tissue. This phenomenon is called orchitis. It is a complication of the flu, gonorrhea, and others and can affect one or both testicles at the same time and cause infertility. With orchitis, the skin of the testicles is red, the scrotum swells, the man has fever, general weakness and constant thirst;
• Abstinence. In this case, the pain in the testicles in men occurs because when aroused, the penis fills with blood and the vas deferens system is activated - all this indicates readiness for ejaculation. If this does not happen, discomfort appears in the testicles. Unlike pain caused by pathological processes, testicular discomfort during prolonged abstinence is not accompanied by generalized weakness, loss of appetite, dizziness and changes in the color of urine. This problem does not require treatment, it can be resolved through sex or through masturbation. Another way to eliminate discomfort is to take a pain reliever;
• Frequent intercourse interruptions or failure to ejaculate after prolonged arousal, neuropathy, and inflammatory bowel disease - all of these factors may explain why testicles hurt after sex. education;
• Varicocele is a pathological dilation of the veins and blood vessels of the penis due to impaired function. This disease is common in adolescents. If the testicles are painful precisely for this reason, then the disease is already in its terminal stages and leading to organ removal. Varicocele is also accompanied by an increase in the size of one of the scrotum halves;
• Inguinal hernia. When infringed, acute pain is observed, a specific protrusion in the groin, which increases with exertion and has an old shape after transverse. If infiltration of the cranial contents does not occur, there is a dull pain radiating to the abdomen, side, region of the lower extremities;
• Hydrocele, or hydrocele. This phenomenon is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the membrane of the testicles, which is associated with impaired circulation. The disease can be inherited or occurs with inflammatory diseases, the development of tumors, after trauma to the external genitalia. If the testicles have grown, then the presence of a hydrocele can be suspected. Another symptomatic feature of this pathology is a sharp pain when touching the testicles;
• Testicular torsion. This phenomenon usually occurs in boys aged 7-10 years and is characterized by torsion of the spermatic cord leading to local blood flow obstruction and compression of the vas deferens. Pain in this case only occurs in one of the testicles. The discomfort is aggravated by walking or by pressing on the affected area. There may be redness in the scrotum and swelling on one side, as well as a burning sensation. Such deviations are corrected by external reduction of the testicle, or by the use of surgical methods;
• The development of a malignant tumor. The pathological process can spread to both glandular tissue and excretory ducts. In this case, the testicles in men only hurt when the tumor has become large;
• Prostatitis. If the testicles are painful with prostatitis, this is one of the leading symptoms of the disease;
• Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs causing pain in the lower abdomen in men and in the testicles;
• Hypothermia. The consequence of exposure to low temperatures can be pain in the testicles in men. In some cases, there is an increase in body temperature.

If a man notices painful testicles, as well as external changes - increase in size, redness, swelling - you should immediately consult a doctor to determine the cause of the manifestations. pathology as soon as possible and appropriate treatment.

Characteristic features of pain

In the diagnostic process, the nature of the pain occurring in the testicular region is of great importance. Depending on where it comes from, preliminary conclusions can be drawn about the nature of the occurrence of unpleasant sensations.

1. In case the pain spreads to the lumbar region or abdomen, suspect the presence of an inflammatory process occurring in the epididymis;
2. If the pain spreads to one side, urolithiasis or inguinal hernia may occur;
3. When pain radiates to the lower extremities, torsion of the spermatic cord or bruising of the testicle, followed by hemorrhage into it, is suspected.

If the testicles are red and swollen and feel pain and discomfort, then it is necessary to conduct diagnostic measures as prescribed by the doctor. Delay in this case can lead to infertility, because when ejaculating will not contain motile sperm, impaired ability to work or have to have the penis amputated.

Diagnostic measures

Diagnosis of painful and pulled testicles is made by a urologist and urologist. A man needs to undergo the following operations:

• General blood test, thanks to which the specialist can identify the inflammatory process;
• Semen analysis for infections to determine the presence and type of pathogenic microorganisms;
• Sperm imaging analysis, allowing you to assess sperm activity and identify bacteria;
• Ultrasound of the scrotum, which allows you to identify the tumor;
• Take a smear from the urethra to identify pathogens;
• Aspiration (aspiration biopsy) to determine the diseased nature of the testicles, appendages;
• Palpation to detect tumor or enlargement of the testicle;
• Ultrasound of the kidneys and ureters to detect formations that interfere with the flow of urine;
• CT and MRI to rule out misdiagnosis.

Prior to the diagnostic procedure, the patient was not allowed to take pain medication, conduct warming or cooling procedures.

Treatments

Treatment for testicular pain depends on the cause of the discomfort. Therapy may be based on medications, special procedures, or surgery.

Table 1. Treatment methods for testicular pain

Reason	Treatment
Mild bruising of the vulva	Adhere to the regimen of half-bed rest for several days; Apply a bandage to the injured area to prevent blood pooling, relieve tension, and relieve pain; Pain relief - both locally in the form of cold compresses and in general, including medication; The use of drugs to prevent the formation of a hematoma; Magnetic therapy and sparing heat procedures after the acute phase.
Infectious diseases caused by the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the organs of the scrotum	Gentle mode; Take antibacterial drugs to eliminate harmful microflora; Eliminate inflammation by taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Physiotherapy after recovery.
Varicocele	Conservative treatment in the early stages, which includes taking drugs to improve blood circulation in the affected area, as well as vitamins C, E, PP; Surgical methods of treatment, in particular - a surgery to block the veins of the scrotum and their sclera. After surgery, the possibility of disease recurrence is reduced; Refuse bad habits, lose weight.
Tumor	Remove the tumor with radiation therapy or remove the affected organ with surgery. If metastases are found, chemotherapy is required.
Testicular torsion	Dissection of the scrotum, assessment of testicular viability, and subsequent straightening or excision of the testicle. In the postoperative period, the use of analgesics is indicated.
Hemorrhage a lot	Drain the affected areas, remove non-living tissue, and suture the spaces.

It is not recommended to use folk remedies to get rid of pain in the scrotum, since such an alarming symptom requires careful diagnosis. However, there are steps you can take while you wait for your doctor to help ease discomfort caused by a minor injury or bruise. At home, you can apply an ice pack to the painful side or gently massage it with numbing cream, but it's best not to touch the painful area until you contact a specialist.

To prevent the occurrence of pain in a vulnerable organ such as the testicle, you should:

• Timely removal of anomalies in the structure of the genital organs;
• Regularly undergo examinations by a urologist to identify asymptomatic pathologies in the early stages of development;
• Have a regular sex life and use barrier methods of contraception if the partner is not stable;
• Wearing underwear that does not compress organs and does not impede blood circulation;
• Normalization of the diet and nutrition;
• Prevents the possibility of trauma to the scrotum.

The condition of the testicles not only directly affects a man's fertility, but also affects his general state of health. In order to avoid unwanted consequences, it is necessary to minimize the risk of external factors affecting the testicles, as well as to promptly treat diseases that have the potential to adversely affect the disease state.